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Politicians are generally delivered to us through the images of the media. To help you as an individual political campaign watcher or as an activity for a group in your church or synagogue, conduct...
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At the beginning of my career in the 1970s I spent time actively looking in television and film for characters who would reflect my goals and help me see what was possible for a...
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Popular films articulate the desires, fears and aspirations of our culture. Analysis of recent war films can shed light on cultural beliefs about heroism, politics, the military and...
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How well do local news outlets in your community cover minority issues?
To find out, organize a media monitoring project in a class or discussion group. Just one week of monitoring can surprise you...
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The following is excerpted from the text of Dr. Byrne's remarks when he accepted the 1983 Media&Values Communicator Award
"I currently see the world divided into two camps, and they're not...
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To older people the world we thought we knew seems to be continually disappearing and electronic media are a large part of the new vistas that continually emerge. In...
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In television most programs are produced by independent production companies who then sell their product to the networks. The networks recoup their expenses and derive profit by...
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It takes only one summer for a child of the right age to bond with the natural world, to know in her bones that the world is alive, and wild and kin to her. There is a kind of imprinting that either...
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Ever since Newton Minow, then chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, accused television of being a 'vast wasteland," media analysts have debated whether television indeed has any...
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"I'm going to show you a five-minute clip from a video called Toolbox Murders. It's very popular in our local video store so think of it in terms of being readily available to 14 or 15-year-old...
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Even though we sometimes hate TV, like Listerine, we also love it. And more importantly we have gotten used to it. It has not only taken over our living rooms, but our lives. We wake up and go to bed...
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"She said that the only thing she really wanted for Christmas was a pair of Sasson jeans." - a blue-collar worker, speaking of his nine-year-old daughter
"The human person cannot be relinquished....
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Some say that religious life, as the Church has experienced it for the last 200 years, is nearing the end of its historical moment. Those exploring the life cycles of religious congregations...
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"What is a man?"
This may seem like an odd question to be asking, but it's one that's answered all the time in print ads and television commercials. Ads and commercials, with their images...
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At the beginning of the 20th Century, about the time the movies were invented, our visions of the future were transformed from utopian dreams into urban nightmares.
Many factors were at work. But it'...
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A mother reflects on how "commercial media teaches our children to settle for the pose. . .Our challenge as parents and educators is to lead children beyond the shallow poses sold by the...
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For three decades we have been concerned about the effect and affect of computers on human life. We have been obsessed with the delivery system. We should have been questioning the effect and affect...
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Like most other field, the area of communication has developed its own specialized vocabulary. Some of the jargon we hear daily, and many terms have become part of our contemporary language usage....
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An understanding of computers is, today, necessary basic knowledge for all of us. But the answer to "what is a computer?" is not simple, despite the fact that the computer is based on very logical...
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With millions of cameras owned by even more millions of individuals, photography is probably the most popular hobby in the United States. It is also a basic building block of modern communications....
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Printing has a language all its own. A knowledge of its vocabulary will help you understand the process and improve your working relationship with the printer.
The best way to bring your project to...
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This past October marked the twentieth anniversary of Sputnik, the tiny Russian satellite that launched the whole world into the space age. Since that time over 10,000 satellites and space probes...
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Absence of diversity has substantial consequences for the way the news depicts the political world. Politics, according to most major news media, is not about broad questions of power — who...
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Abstract
This study reports the findings of qualitative and quantitative research designed to assess the impact of different types of instructional practices involving media literacy education...
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In the mid-1970's, faced with the growing influence of television and media in the lives of American families, a small group of communications professionals working in the national offices of several...
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Commission I, chaired by Odile Chenevez, training officer at CLEMI, comprised twenty-four participants representing ten nationalities and a range of professions, both in education and in the media (...
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As far back as pioneer days, Iowans have led the field in education. The first settlers sectioned the land and established one-room schools within a mile or two of most farmsteads. In the 1860s,...
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About seven years ago, sophomores that I had for an English Humanities class commented on television's effect on their family. These young women protested the substitution of TV as baby sitter and...
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It's the dog days of August. Outside, the heat is high and perspiration is dripping. The kids are off swimming and the lawn needs mowing. But it will have to wait because inside, on the tube, is......
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Academic television critics have been discussing the content of dramatic television recently as "text," not recognizing the religious connotations implied by the word. Western fiction has always had...
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John Culkin (1928-1993) was one of the first educators in the U.S. to initiate explicit media education curriculum in schools. Indeed his professional life was focused on a steadfast...
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Core Concept #1: All messages are 'constructed.'
Keyword: Authorship
To explore the idea of 'authorship' in media literacy is to look deeper than just knowing whose name is on the cover of a book or...
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Core Concept #2: Media messages are constructed using a creative language with its own rules.
Keyword: Format
The second Key Question explores the 'format' of a media message and examines the way a...
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Core Concept #3: Different people experience the same media message differently.
Keyword: Audience
How do audiences interact with the media in their lives? Our bodies may not be moving but in our...
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Core Concept #4: Media have embedded values and points of view.
Keyword: Content
In looking at the content of a media message, it is important to understand that there are no value-free media and...
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Core Concept #5: Media messages are organized to gain profit and/or power.
Keyword: Purpose
With Key Question #5, we look at the motive or purpose of a media message - and whether or how a message...
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The Five Core Concepts are the foundation of the MediaLit Kit™ and the Five Key Questions are the inquiry tools for exploring these theoretical concepts. But in actuality they are only...
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1950s: Rise in youth crime and juvenile delinquency prompts congressional hearings on television violence.
June 1952
First congressional hearings on violence in radio and television and its impact...
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Any specialized form of discourse has its own unique language and media literacy is no exception. Even experienced media teachers are often bewildered by the seemingly interchangeable terminology...
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"A simple question to ask is, 'How has the world of a child changed in the last 150 years?" And the answer is, "It's hard to imagine any way in which it hasn't changed!...
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Introduction
Does technology have a positive impact on teaching and learning? Is television an effective teaching tool? How can Internet content be best used by students and teachers?
To...
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In coverage of the war in the Middle East, as in coverage of earlier wars, "quicker" seemed to be better, and "quickest" best. From Edward R. Murrow's descriptions of the London bombings during...
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Editor's Note: The following letter, after being sent to ABC-TV, was published in the Viewer's Guide Workbook for the Television Awareness Training adult education program, as an outstanding model...
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For 40 years, the American people have been engaged in a "circle of blame" about media violence: viewers blaming writers; writers blaming producers, producers blaming the networks,...
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In living rooms across the nation, we are told, listless seniors sit staring at TVs, trapped by loneliness and the fear that the world outside is mean and devoid of compassion. The stereotype is sad...
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There was something suspicious about the spring 1993 Newsweek cover story glaringly headed "Violence Goes Mainstream" and subtitled, "Movies, Music, Books — Are There any Limits...
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Music puts a face on a country in a way no news report ever can. Paul Simon's Graceland album, recorded in the mid-1980s with the South African a capella group Ladysmith Black Mombazo, brought life...
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SECOND EDITION
Now expanded to include the Questions/TIPS (Q/TIPS) for both construction/production and deconstruction!
How does media literacy relate to the construction of media? How can...
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Since the beginning of recorded history, the concept of "literacy" meant having the skill to interpret "squiggles" on a piece of paper as letters which, when put together, formed...
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Flipping back through the pages of Kathleen Tyner's new book, Literacy in a Digital World: Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information, I am amazed at how many of the pages are filled with my...
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A priestly monarch, chosen by God to unite polity and religion, was one of the earliest images of divinely chosen leadership in Judaism. Later, both Judaism and Christianity developed more complex...
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An important part of understanding the constructedness of media is recognizing that choices are made and that those choices can influence people and society. The decision of what to include and what...
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The power of advertising is its ability to persuade and advertisers have a wide array of techniques to use in constructing their persuasive messages. This activity introduces ten common techniques...
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When we list types of media, we seldom include maps. But maps, as mass produced representations, are ideal for deeper explorations of media "constructedness" – for example, that...
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Brands, icons and symbols permeate our visual culture. Too often we assume that everyone interprets the symbols the same way. Yet, as we know from current events, symbols like the American flag can...
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A major aspect of core key question #3 is the idea that different people experience media messages differently. It is also true that similar groups of people tend to respond similarly to the same...
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Sometimes what is missing from a media message can be more important than what is included. Using stories and events found in classroom texts, students select one story and generate a list of all...
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Knowing why a media message is being sent is important because it gives us a context for interpretation and clues for how to respond. Students begin their exploration of motive by generating ideas...
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Keeping track of who is renting our eyeballs is more difficult today as "stealth ads" become embedded into the content of movies, TV shows and video games. Known as product placement, it is...
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Because so much of today's communications, including the news, comes to us visually, it is critical students learn the basics of visual communication. This activity introduces three fundamental...
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Through cooperative observation, analysis and discussion, students learn to recognize how the basic visual elements learned in activity 2A – lighting, camera angle and composition – are...
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Violence is a controversial issue that touches us all either through the media or in person. In the public debate about media in our culture, concerns about violence in the media often float to the...
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Respect and harmony in a multicultural society depends on people's ability to understand and recognize the difference between a generalization (a flexible observation) and a stereotype (a rigid...
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While commercial media is created to generate profit, non-commercial media has many motivations – from influencing people how to vote or sharing ways to protect the environment to convincing us...
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UN Plaza, Geneva, Switzerland, October 7, 1979...As I turned the corner toward the UN conference center, the big red sign made my heart skip a beat: "Conference Administrative Mondiale Des...
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The necessity for and methods of media literacy education are often absent or unclear for many teachers and parents. Teachers are struggling with many problems already: illiteracy, new educational...
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When Deborah Prothrow-Stith, M.D., dean of Harvard University's School of Public Health, begins one of her eloquent speeches on the growing crisis of violence as a public health...
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Summary: Three video-production teachers explain why the analytical and critical thinking skills of media literacy go hand in hand with student media production.
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Roger Ailes, media advisor to presidents Reagan and Bush, once told a reporter: "You get up every morning and try to figure out how to humiliate my client. I get up...
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Ever think about what happens at your house when the phone rings?
You put down the bank statements and the automatic calculator while you grope wildly for the remote control that will turn down the...
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Institutional changes in the way the media operates are necessary to keep healthy democratic dialogue alive. But while we work towards fundamental changes in the way the media works, the public can...
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"I think adults have a great deal of difficulty looking at television through a child's eyes. It is hard to know what children are thinking when they are watching television, or if they are thinking...
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From 1968 to 1986, Roone Arledge headed sports for ABC Television. Jim Murray of the Los Angeles Times describes Arledge's influence on TV sports, which extends far beyond the boundaries of any one...
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Many people occasionally feel an urgent desire to escape, at least temporarily, to some media-free zone of living. This is not a fantasy exclusive to an age of television and radios blaring on...
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First there was Ben Casey. Then Marcus Welby and later the staff of General Hospital.
Almost from the beginning of network television, programmers knew instinctively that the public was hungry for...
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Since this article first appeared in Media&Values #39 "Militarism: The Media Connection," (Spring, 1987) the volunteer army--recruited through advertising and...
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Whatever America at large may have thought about the media philosopher Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, it is said by local educators that he provided the "background music" for...
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"Jolts per minute" programming is often cited as a principle — almost a first law — of commercial television. "Jolt" refers to the moment of excitement generated by...
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Media Education is a serious and significant endeavor. At stake is the empowerment of individuals, especially minorities, and the strengthening of society's democratic structures.
The central...
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The challenges facing media education in the year 2000 are the same challenges facing school change efforts. These include details about teaching and learning such as teacher preparation, the content...
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Like many other media events, the lure of Persian Gulf war profits brought out the worst in many marketers. Not patriotism, not pride, not even the prospect of peace seemed as...
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For 16 years, Elizabeth Thoman has been a unique resistance leader, urging ordinary people to be more critical and skeptical of television.
Her weapon is the pithy, pertinent, Los Angeles-based...
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If they are to fully harness the power and potential of exciting new technologies and multimedia, our students must be offered the critical criteria and information skills necessary for them to...
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Today most prevention practitioners and researchers, as well as concerned teachers and parents, recognize that many of the messages we get from the media are risk factors for numerous public health...
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When I noted in my keynote address at the 1996 National Media Literacy Conference in Los Angeles that the media literacy movement faced seven important debates (#2) as the movement grows in...
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When teachers and leaders hear the word "media" they often think "dollars"— and then dismiss the idea of media literacy classes or programs because "we can't afford...
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Put 100 teachers in a room for a day to hear thoughtful speakers, attend workshops with practical ideas for the classroom, examine resource tables full of books and videos...
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"Where is media literacy in the standards?" many teachers ask.
The standards movement in education emerged at about the same time (1980s) that media literacy education was gaining...
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In recent years, as I have travelled around the world to Manila for WACC's first congress or to Europe to connect with colleagues at conferences, I am often greeted with the question: what is the U...
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The National Middle School Association (NMSA) has given considerable attention to media literacy as part of our continuing effort to provide timely and practical professional guidance to middle level...
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The founder of the Center for Media Literacy told local educators Monday that there are many benefits to living in the electronic age.
"My father is all of a sudden connected with all of his World...
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The purpose of this questionnaire is to get you thinking about the media and its influence on you and on society in general. Please answer the following questions as honestly and completely as...
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The convergence of media and technology in a global culture is changing the way we learn about the world and challenging the very foundations of education. No longer is it enough to be able to...
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Media literacy has come of age. In a society as mass mediated and media saturated as our own, communication technologies are at the core of the political, economic and cultural environments.
Yet,...
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